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WHY SWOT?

SWOT Analysis is a method used in the majority of strategy studies. This method, developed by Professors (Learned, Christensen, Andrews and Guth) at Harvard University in the 1960s, attempts to identify the situation of the firm or the things which you want to analyze. In this analysis, it is tried to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the firms, and the opportunities and threats that external factors create. Today, all strategy studies include SWOT analysis. Is the SWOT really indispensable analysis?

First of all, we explain why should strategy study to be done? Top management of firms or institutions want to set a vision for the company and set goals for being successful. Thus, all the employees can understand the company's vision, goals and expectations well. Making such a vision and goal setting with more stakeholders will be more useful to obtain different points of view. So, Management teams can work together with stakeholders (suppliers, customers etc.) according to needs. Many methods can be used in these studies. However, if we try to determine where to go, we must first know where we are now. Thus, situation analysis which consists of several methods of analysis, is important. SWOT includes both internal factors and external factors. So, SWOT is the most inclusive and frequently used situation analysis.

In SWOT analysis, we must first look at strengths and weaknesses of a company. Once weaknesses are identified, root cause analysis can be used to understand the situation better.

Then we should look at external factors; opportunities and threats that can affect a company. It is useful to use the PEST Analysis in this section.

Internal EffectStrengthsWeaknesses
External EffectOpportunitiesThreats

It is important to identify strengths and weaknesses. Because we can’t adopt an aggressive strategy in a field where a company is weak.

Known as the father of the strategy Sun Tzu, The Chinese Commander, Philosopher, Military Wise who lived B.C. 500 tells us in the teachings:

“If you know enemy and know yourself, you will not be imperiled in a hundred battles”
“If you do not know enemy but know yourself, you win one and lose one”
“If you know enemy but not yourself, you lose every time.”

If we don’t identify the problems correctly and analyze our company well, we can’t achieve our goals.  

External factors need to be analyzed in the same way. We need to examine what we see as opportunities and threats through PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technological).

When we do all these studies, we will have a better understanding of our company and opportunities and threats around us. But knowing ourselves is just the beginning. In other words, SWOT analysis is only beginning of a strategy study but it is a vital part of that.

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